Nyköpingshus

På 1100-talet byggdes en kastal (ett tornliknade försvarsverk) vid ån, vars uppgift var att skydda den nya köping som senare skulle få namnet Nyköping. Kastalen byggdes ut allt eftersom staden växte och blev till slut det som vi idag kallar Nyköpingshus.
 
 
Kastalen växte som sagt och omgärdades så småningom av flera murar till skydd mot eventuella fiender. På innergården byggdes sedermera ett slott till kungarna av Bjälboätten, vars mest kända namn, Magnus Ladulås, hade sitt hem här 1266-1290.
 
 
1317 utspelade sig en händelse på slottet som skulle göra sig känd än idag, Nyköpings gästabud.
 
Kung Birger Magnusson bjöd då in sina bröder Valdemar och Erik till vad de trodde var en försoningsfest efter flera år av osämja bröderna emellan. Kung Birger hade dock andra planer och hade inte glömt när bröderna höll honom och hans hustru fängslade i två år, den s.k. Håtunaleken.
 
De bägge bröderna låstes in på slottet och fick sitta där tills de svalt ihjäl i februari 1318. Brödernas anhängare hade belägrat borgen i ett försök att rädda dem och när de såg ut att lyckas, kastade kung Birger nyckeln till fängelsehålan i ån som rinner precis utanför slottet. Kung Birger och hans hustru tvingades fly landet efter händelsen.
 
 
1396 skedde nästa stora händelse på slottet. Då undertecknades Nyköpings recess, som räknas till en av de största händelserna i Norden under medeltiden. Här fastslogs att Sverige, Norge och Danmark skulle regeras av samma regent och detta blev upprinnelsen till Kalmarunionen som varade 1397-1523, då Sverige genom Gustav Vasa bröt sig ut i missnöje över alliansen.
 
Just Gustav Vasa lär göra en del förbättringar på slottet, bl.a. av nya kanontorn. 1568 fick Hertig Karl ansvaret för slottet och lät då göra ännu större förbättringar som slutade i att medeltidsborgen växte upp till ett ståtligt renässansslott.
 
 
 
Nyköping slott som på den tiden ansågs vara Sveriges kanske viktigaste säte, förlorade lite av sin status när Gustav II Adolf blev kung och förvandlade Sverige till en stormakt. Under hans regenttid växte slottet Tre Kronor upp i Stockholm och övertog då Nyköpings slotts plats. Efter att Gustav II Adolf stupat vid Lützen 1632, fördes dock hans kropp till slottet där den låg på lit-de-parade i ett år, innan den fördes till Riddarholmskyrkan för begravning.
 
1665 brann Nyköping och nästan hela slottet förintades i lågorna. Man återuppbyggde aldrig renässansslottet i sitt ursprung, utan de byggnadsstenar som klarade sig fördes istället till Stockholm för att bygga ett nytt slott efter Tre Kronor som eldhärjades 1697.
 
1719 härjade ryssarna längs Sörmlandskusten och brände ned nästan allt som var kvar av staden och slottet. 1720 påbörjade man bygget av ett landshövdingshus ovanpå resterna av slottet. 1726 stod byggnaden färdig, men få landshövdningar valde att bo här och slottet tappade allt mer i betydelse.
 
Efter att den siste landshövdingen flyttate ut från slottet på 1760-talet förlorade slottet sin sociala ställning och har därefter haft helt andra gäster. På 1800-talet höll länsstyrelsen till här, Kungstornet användes som sädesmagasin, ett fängelse fanns här under flera år, men även barnhem, mentalsjukhus, fattighus och hem för änkor och faderslösa barn, ha haft sina verksamheter i det gamla slottet.
 
Idag ligger slottet stilla vid sin å och är det moderna Nyköpings kanske främsta turistattraktion.
 
 
För turister som besöker Nyköping är museet i Kungstornet en populär och sevärd attraktion och på sommaren är caféet vid den intilliggande Tovastugan välbesökt. Slottet har också en caféverksamhet, ordnar ofta julbord i historisk miljö och man kan också hyra lokaler för privata ändamål, precis som frugan och jag när vi höll vår bröllopsmiddag i en av de mindre lokalerna där historiens vingslag gjorde sig påmind.
 
 
 
Den årligen återkommande teateruppsättningen av Nyköpings gästabud drar stor publik på sommaren, likaså Hertig Karls marknad på höstkanten.
 
Jag som älskar att ströva runt i gamla miljöer och med tankens hjälp föra mig tillbaks till de människor som levde i dessa tider, deras vardag och hur allt egentligen var, kan idag bara säga:
Tänk om väggar kunde tala!
 
Länkar som kan intressera:
Nyköpingshus
Bjälboätten
Nyköpings gästabud
Nyköpings recess
Kungstornets museum
Teater Nyköpings gästabud
Hertig Karls marknad
Restaurang Tovastugan
Tovastugan historik


Kommentarer
Jimmy

Utnämner dig Stefan till Nyköpings egen Herman Lindkvist!
Var nog inte så historieintresserad i skolan så att få lite repetition på gamla dar är riktigt intressant, man bockar o bugar!

2013-06-19 @ 23:28:08
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Lasse Jansson

Tack för en väldigt trevlig historie-läsning och många fina bilder från vårt slott i Nyköping! :-)

2013-06-19 @ 23:58:43
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Stefan

Det är inte sällan som det mest intressanta ligger framför våra ögon.

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Nyköping genom kameran och lite till.

Bloggen kan förhoppningsvis sprida lite information om Nyköping och vad som finns att se och göra. Mina intressen för Photoshop kommer också att synas emellanåt.

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